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| Chapter 18 |

# 18. The java.util.zip Package

Contents:
CheckedInputStream
CheckedOutputStream
Checksum
CRC32
DataFormatException
Deflater
DeflaterOutputStream
GZIPInputStream
GZIPOutputStream
Inflater
InflaterInputStream
ZipEntry
ZipException
ZipFile
ZipInputStream
ZipOutputStream

The package `java.util.zip` is new as of Java 1.1. It contains classes that provide support for general-purpose data compression and decompression using the ZLIB compression algorithms. The important classes in `java.util.zip` are those that provide the means to read and write data that is compatible with the popular GZIP and ZIP formats: `GZIPInputStream`, `GZIPOutputStream`, `ZipInputStream`, and `ZipOutputStream`. Figure 18.1 shows the class hierarchy for the `java.util.zip` package.

#### Figure 18.1: The java.text package

It is easy to use the GZIP and ZIP classes because they subclass `java.io.FilterInputStream` and `java.io.FilterOutputStream`. For example, to decompress GZIP data, you simply create a `GZIPInputStream` around the input stream that represents the compressed data. As with any `InputStream`, you could be reading from a file, a socket, or some other data source. You can then read decompressed data by calling the `read()` methods of the `GZIPInputStream`. The following code fragment creates a `GZIPInputStream` that reads data from the file sample.gz :

    FileInputStream inFile;
    try {
        inFile = new FileInputStream("sample.gz");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("Couldn't open file.");
        return;
    }
    GZIPInputStream in = new GZIPInputStream(inFile);
    // Now use in.read() to get decompressed data.

Similarly, you can compress data using the GZIP format by creating a `GZIPOutputStream` around an output stream and using the `write()` methods of `GZIPOutputStream`. The following code fragment creates a `GZIPOutputStream` that writes data to the file sample.gz :

    FileOutputStream outFile;
    try {
        outFile = new FileOutputStream("sample.gz");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("Couldn't open file.");
        return;
    }
    GZIPOutputStream out = new GZIPOutputStream(outFile);
    // Now use out.write() to write compressed data.

A ZIP file, or archive, is not quite as easy to use because it may contain more than one compressed file. A `ZipEntry` object represents each compressed file in the archive. When you are reading from a `ZipInputStream`, you must first call `getNextEntry()` to access an entry, and then you can read decompressed data from the stream, just like with a `GZIPInputStream`. When you are writing data to a `ZipOutputStream`, use `putNextEntry()` before you start writing each entry in the archive. The `ZipFile` class is provided as a convenience for reading an archive; it allows nonsequential access to the entries in a ZIP file.

The remainder of the classes in `java.util.zip` exist to support the GZIP and ZIP classes. The generic `Deflater` and `Inflater` classes implement the ZLIB algorithms; they are used by `DeflaterOutputStream` and `InflaterInputStream` to decompress and compress data. The `Checksum` interface and the classes that implement it, `Adler32` and `CRC32`, define algorithms that generate checksums from stream data. These checksums are used by the `CheckedInputStream` and `CheckedOutputStream` classes.

# Adler32

## Name

Adler32

## Synopsis

Class Name:

  `java.util.zip.Adler32`

Superclass:

  `java.lang.Object`

Immediate Subclasses:

  None

Interfaces Implemented:

  `java.util.zip.Checksum`

Availability:

  New as of JDK 1.1

## Description

The `Adler32` class implements the `Checksum` interface using the Adler-32 algorithm. This algorithm is significantly faster than CRC-32 and almost as reliable.

## Class Summary

    public class java.util.zip.Adler32 extends java.lang.Object
                 implements java.util.zip.Checksum {
      // Constructors
      public Adler32();

      // Instance Methods
      public long getValue();
      public void reset();
      public void update(int b);
      public void update(byte[] b);
      public native void update(byte[] b, int off, int len);
    }

## Constructors

### Adler32

#### public Adler32()

Description

  This constructor creates an `Adler32` object.

## Instance Methods

### getValue

#### public long getValue()

Returns

  The current checksum value.

Implements

  `Checksum.getValue()`

Description

  This method returns the current value of this checksum.

### reset

#### public void reset()

Implements

  `Checksum.reset()`

Description

  This method resets the checksum to its initial value, making it appear as though it has not been updated by any data.

### update

#### public void update(int b)

Parameters

  `b`

    The value to be added to the data stream for the checksum calculation.

Implements

  `Checksum.update(int)`

Description

  This method adds the specified value to the data stream and updates the checksum value. The method uses only the lowest eight bits of the given `int`.

#### public void update(byte[] b)

Parameters

  `b`

    An array of bytes to be added to the data stream for the checksum calculation.

Description

  This method adds the bytes from the specified array to the data stream and updates the checksum value.

#### public native void update(byte[] b, int off, int len)

Parameters

  `b`

    An array of bytes to be added to the data stream for the checksum calculation.

  `off`

    An offset into the byte array.

  `len`

    The number of bytes to use.

Implements

  `Checksum.update(byte[], int, int)`

Description

  This method adds `len` bytes from the specified array, starting at `off`, to the data stream and updates the checksum value.

## Inherited Methods

Method | Inherited From | Method | Inherited From
--- | --- | --- | ---
`clone()` | `Object` | `equals(Object)` | `Object`
`finalize()` | `Object` | `getClass()` | `Object`
`hashCode()` | `Object` | `notify()` | `Object`
`notifyAll()` | `Object` | `toString()` | `Object`
`wait()` | `Object` | `wait(long)` | `Object`
`wait(long, int)` | `Object` |  |

## See Also

`Checksum`, `CRC32`

Vector |  | CheckedInputStream