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| Chapter 10 Would You Like to Choose from the Menu? |

## 10.9 PopupMenu

The `PopupMenu` class is new to Java 1.1; it allows you to associate context-sensitive menus with Java components. To associate a pop-up menu with a component, create the menu, and add it to the component using the `add(PopupMenu)` method, which all components inherit from the `Component` class.

In principle, any GUI object can have a pop-up menu. In practice, there are a few exceptions. If the component's peer has its own pop-up menu (i.e., a pop-up menu provided by the run-time platform), that pop-up menu effectively overrides the pop-up menu provided by Java. For example, under Windows NT/95, a `TextArea` has a pop-up menu provided by the Windows NT/95 platforms. Java can't override this menu; although you can add a pop-up menu to a `TextArea`, you can't display that menu under Windows NT/95 with the usual mouse sequence.

### PopupMenu Methods

Constructors

public PopupMenu()

  The first `PopupMenu` constructor creates an untitled `PopupMenu`. Once created, the menu can be populated with menu items like any other menu.

public PopupMenu(String label)

  This constructor creates a `PopupMenu` with a title of `label`. The title appears only on platforms that support titles for context menus. Once created, the menu can be populated with menu items like any other menu.

Miscellaneous methods

public void show(Component origin, int x, int y)

  Call the `show()` method to display the `PopupMenu`. `x` and `y` specify the location at which the pop-up menu should appear; `origin` specifies the `Component` whose coordinate system is used to locate `x` and `y`. In most cases, you'll want the menu to appear at the point where the user clicked the mouse; to do this, set `origin` to the `Component` that received the mouse event, and set `x` and `y` to the location of the mouse click. It is easy to extract this information from an old-style (1.0) `Event` or a Java 1.1 `MouseEvent`. In Java 1.1, the platform-independent way to say "give me the mouse events that are supposed to trigger pop-up menus" is to call `MouseEvent.isPopupTrigger()`. If this method returns `true`, you should show the pop-up menu if one is associated with the event source. (Note that the mouse event could also be used for some other purpose.)

  If the `PopupMenu` is not associated with a `Component`, `show()` throws the run-time exception `NullPointerException`. If `origin` is not the `MenuContainer` for the `PopupMenu` and `origin` is not within the `Container` that the pop-up menu belongs to, `show()` throws the run-time exception `IllegalArgumentException`. Finally, if the `Container` of `origin` does not exist or is not showing, `show()` throws a run-time exception.

public synchronized void addNotify ()

  The `addNotify()` method creates the `PopupMenu` peer with all the `MenuItems` on it.

Example 10.3 is a simple applet that raises a pop-up menu if the user clicks the appropriate mouse button anywhere within the applet. Although the program could use the 1.0 event model, under the 1.0 model, it is impossible to tell which mouse event is appropriate to display the pop-up menu.

#### Example 10.3: Using a PopupMenu

    // Java 1.1 only
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.applet.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    public class PopupTest extends Applet implements ActionListener {
        PopupMenu popup;
        public void init() {
            MenuItem mi;
            popup = new PopupMenu("Title Goes Here");
            popup.add(mi = new MenuItem ("Undo"));
            mi.addActionListener (this);
            popup.addSeparator();
            popup.add(mi = new MenuItem("Cut")).setEnabled(false);
            mi.addActionListener (this);
            popup.add(mi = new MenuItem("Copy")).setEnabled(false);
            mi.addActionListener (this);
            popup.add(mi = new MenuItem ("Paste"));
            mi.addActionListener (this);
            popup.add(mi = new MenuItem("Delete")).setEnabled(false);
            mi.addActionListener (this);
            popup.addSeparator();
            popup.add(mi = new MenuItem ("Select All"));
            mi.addActionListener (this);
            add (popup);
            resize(200, 200);
            enableEvents (AWTEvent.MOUSE_EVENT_MASK);
        }
        protected void processMouseEvent (MouseEvent e) {
            if (e.isPopupTrigger())
                popup.show(e.getComponent(), e.getX(), e.getY());
            super.processMouseEvent (e);
        }
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            System.out.println (e);
        }
    }

Putting It All Together |  | Scrolling