| Both vendor and company-based software, as well as protocols, may contain security problems. Many DoS attacks exist simply because security precautions are not part of the design of some programs and protocols. Security measures have often been added as engineers attempt to correct design flaws. The Ping of Death sends a ping packet that is too big to fit into the reserved memory area. It overwrites the victim's system memory and causes a crash. Patches are currently available to counteract this attack.